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Essay Writing 14-19

(… the problems/such problems) การใ​ช้​คำ�​ที่​แสดงค​ วามค​ ิดห​ รือ​ทัศนคติข​ องผ​ ู้​เขียน เช่น (smoking on a
university campus; … the problem/such a problem; people who use the phone in a cinema; … those
idiots) การเ​ปลีย่ นป​ ระเภทข​ องค​ �ำ  (improve; … the improvement) หรอื ก​ ารใ​ชค​้ �ำ ​ทอี​่ า้ งถ​ งึ ส​ ิง่ ท​ กี​่ ลา่ วถ​ งึ ม​ าแ​ ลว้ ​
โดย​รวม (as mentioned above, all those arguments, the points raised earlier) เป็นต้น นอกจากน​ ี้ก​ าร​
ใช้​คำ�​ที่​แสดง​ถึง​สิ่ง​ที่​อยู่​ใน​หัวข้อ​เดียวกัน​ก็​เป็น​อีก​วิธี​หนึ่ง​ที่​จะ​ช่วย​เชื่อม​โยง​ความ​คิด​ใน​หรือ​ระหว่าง​ย่อหน้า​ใน​
เรียงค​ วามไ​ด้ เช่น ถ้าเ​ขียนถ​ ึงเ​รื่องก​ ารท​ ำ�งาน คำ�​หรือว​ ลีท​ ี่เ​กี่ยวข้องก​ ับก​ ารท​ ำ�งาน เช่น work, job description,
salary, promotion, career path ถ้า​ปรากฏ​อยู่​ใน​เรียง​ความ​เดียวกัน​ก็​สามารถ​แสดง​ความ​เชื่อม​โยง​ของ
ค​ วามค​ ิด​ได้​อีก​แบบห​ นึ่ง

Exercise 3: Transition Words
Underline the transition words that give chronological order to this narration.

  I witnessed a frightening event last week, and it still remains vivid in my memory. In the
  middle of the night, I watched a movie alone in the living room. After the movie f inished, I
  was sleepy so I turned off the light and was going to bed. To my surprise, while I was sleepily
  walking to my room, I heard the sound of heavy footsteps going up the stairs from my little
  brother’s room. Feeling slightly annoyed, I went directly to Ed’s room to tell him off for making
  such noise. As soon as I saw him in a pair of pyjamas stepping up the stairs, I began to lecture,
  ‘Ed, don’t you know it’s time for sleeping, not playing.’ Ed stopped. My heart nearly stopped
  beating too when I saw a mysterious and frightening woman in a white dress standing on
  the staircase. Shocked by what I saw, I cried, ‘Oh my God!’ It was like a real terror to see her
  slowly bending her head and grinning at me. ‘Come down, Ed! Don’t move closer to her!’
  I shouted loudly with absolute terror, but not a single word came out of my mouth. At the same
  time, my brother moved closer to her. I could do nothing but burst into tears as that scary
  f igure was about to attack Ed. Suddenly, I woke up and realized that it was just a dream, a
  nightmare that I will never forget.

Exercise 4: Cohesive Devices
Cohesion in essays is also created by the use of words or phrases which link key concepts
together. In the following texts, underline and label words or phrases which describe the
following concepts: (A) words or phrases referring to marijuana; (B) words or phrases
referring to laws or regulations to control marijuana; (C) words or phrases referring to problems
or effects of marijuana.
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