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การใชเ้ ทคโนโลยีในการเรยี นการสอนภาษาอังกฤษ 15-61

แบบฝึกปฏิบัติท่ี 8

Fill in the blank with the words given.

applications mainframe interactive communicative approaches
personal development situation majority instruction

Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is often perceived, somewhat narrowly,
as an approach to language teaching and learning in which the computer is used as
an aid to the presentation, reinforcement and assessment of material to be learned,
usually including a substantial 1) element. Levy (1997: 1) defines CALL
more succinctly and more broadly as “the search for and study of 2) of
the computer in language teaching and learning”. Levy’s definition is in line with the
view held by the 3) of modern CALL practitioners.
CALL’s origins can be traced back to the 1960s. Up until the late 1970s CALL projects
were confined mainly to universities, where computer programs were developed on
large 4) computers. The PLATO project, initiated at the University of
Illinois in 1960, is an important landmark in the early 5) of CALL
(Marty 1981). In the late 1970s, the arrival of the 6) computer (PC) brought
computing within the range of a wider audience, resulting in a boom in the development
of CALL programs and a flurry of publications. Early CALL favored an approach
that drew heavily on practices associated with programmed 7) . This was
reflected in the term Computer Assisted Language Instruction (CALI), which originated
in the USA and was in common use until the early 1980s, when CALL became the
dominant term. There was initially a lack of imagination and skill on the part of
programmers, but the 8) was improved considerably by the publication
of an influential seminal work by Higgins & Johns (1984), which contained numerous
examples of alternative 9) to CALL. Throughout the 1980s CALL widened
its scope, embracing the 10) approach and a range of new technologies.
CALL has now established itself as an important area of research in higher education:
see the joint EUROCALL/CALICO/IALLT Research Policy Statement: http://www.
eurocall-languages.org/research/research_policy.htm. See also the History of CALL
website: http://www.history-of-call.org/.

Source: Retrieved from https://www.llas.ac.uk/resources/gpg/61#toc_1 on 15th December 2015.