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Office Automation 14-51

เรอ่ื งท​ ่ี 14.3.2
Types of Knowledge

Reading passage 9

The Different Types of Knowledge

Understanding the different forms that knowledge can exist in, and
thereby being able to distinguish between various types of knowledge, is
an essential step for knowledge management (KM). For example, it should
be fairly evident that the knowledge captured1 in a document would need 1. จับหรือยึดได้
to be managed (i.e. stored, retrieved, shared, changed, etc.) in a totally
different way than that gathered over the years by an expert craftsman.

Over the centuries many attempts have been made to classify knowledge,
and different fields have focused on different dimensions. This has re-
sulted in numerous classifications and distinctions based in philosophy
and even religion.

Within business and KM, two types of knowledge are usually defined,
namely explicit and tacit knowledge. The former refers to codified2 knowl- 2. ประมวลหรือ
edge, such as that found in documents, while the latter refers to non- รวบรวมข้ึน
codified and often personal/experience-based knowledge.

KM and organisational learning theory almost always take root in the
interaction and relationship between these two types of knowledge. This
concept has been introduced and developed by Nonaka in the 90’s
(e.g. Nonaka, 1994) and remains a theoretical cornerstone of this
discipline. Botha et al (2008) point out that tacit and explicit knowledge
should be seen as a spectrum3 rather than as definitive points. Therefore 3. เงาของภาพท่ี
in practice, all knowledge is a mixture of tacit and explicit elements แยกเป็นสี
rather than being one or the other. However, in order to understand
knowledge, it is important to define these theoretical opposites.

Below is an overview of these three categories, as well as a short discussion
on the way knowledge management systems (KMS) can/cannot be used
to manage them.