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Office Automation 14-47

So, why is knowledge management useful? It is useful because it places a 2. ไม่สามารถ
focus on knowledge as an actual asset, rather than as something จับต้องได้
intangible.2 In so doing, it enables the firm to better protect and exploit
what it knows, and to improve and focus its knowledge development efforts 3. แปรสภาพ
to match its needs. In other words:
4. เปลี่ยนแปลง
• It helps firms learn from past mistakes and successes. 5. ความสามารถ
• It better exploits existing knowledge assets by re-deploying3 them
in areas where the firm stands to gain something, e.g. using knowledge
from one department to improve or create a product in another department,
modifying knowledge from a past process to create a new solution, etc.
• It enhances the firm’s ability to innovate.4
• It enhances the firm’s ability to protect its key knowledge and
competencies5 from being lost or copied.

Unfortunately, KM is an area in which companies are often reluctant6 to 6. ลังเล
invest because it can be expensive to implement properly, and it is 7. ท�ำให้หมอง
extremely difficult to determine a specific ROI. Moreover KM is a concept
the definition of which is not universally accepted, and for example within
IT one often sees a much shallower, information-oriented approach.
Particularly in the early days, this has led to many “KM” failures and these
have tarnished7 the reputation of the subject as a whole.

Implications for KM
In order to enhance organizational knowledge, KM must therefore be involved across the

entire knowledge spectrum. It must help knowledge development at all levels and facilitate &
promote its diffusion to individuals, groups, and/or across the entire firm, in accordance with
the organization’s requirements. KM must manage organizational knowledge storage and
retrieval capabilities, and create an environment conducive to learning and knowledge shar-
ing. Similarly it must be involved in tapping external sources of knowledge whenever these are
necessary for the development of the organizational knowledge resources.

To a large degree, KM is therefore dependent on the understanding and management
of organizational learning, organizational memory, knowledge sharing, knowledge creation,
and organizational culture. (Frost, 2011)

Adapted from: “KMT: An educational KM Site” from http://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/Retrieved on 15 February 2013.