Page 27 - ภาษาอังกฤษสำหรับครูสอนภาษา

ลกั ษณะท่ัวไปของภาษา 1-17

แบบฝึกปฏิบัติท่ี 3

อ่านขอ้ ความต่อไปน้ี แลว้ ตอบคำ� ถาม

Passage 1

… We may observe that a language must be systematic, for
otherwise it could not be learned or used consistently. However, we must
also ask in what way a language is systematic. A very basic observation
is that each language contains two systems rather than one, a system of
sounds and a system of meanings. Only certain sounds are used by
speakers of any language, and only certain combinations of these sounds
are possible. A speaker of English can say I saw the bank but he cannot
say the following two sentences, which are starred (*) to show their
unacceptability to a native speaker: *I saw the banque, which makes him
sound partly like a Frenchman, or *I saw the nbka, which makes him
feel that he is saying some kind of a tongue twister rather than a com-
pletely well-formed English sentence. Likewise, he can say I saw the
bank but not *I bank saw the, which is nonsense, and, if he says I bank1 1. นำ� ฝากธนาคาร
the saw,2 that sentence means something quite different and is rather 2. เล่อื ย
absurd. The sound system of a language allows a small number of sounds
to be used over and over again in various combinations to form units
of meaning to be arranged in an infinite number of ways to express both
simple and complex ideas.

ใหน้ ักศกึ ษาตอบค�ำถามต่อไปนอี้ ย่างส้ันๆ
1. According to the passage, how many systems are there in a language?

2. What would happen if language was not systematic?

3. What enables us to use a small number of sounds over and over again to form
units of meaning?