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even though Triacca et al. (2004) added that e-Learning was a type of online learning.
Given the disagreement regarding what technologies should be included so that the
term can be referenced, some authors will provide either no clear definition or a very
vague reference to other terms such as online course/learning, web-based learning,
web-based training, learning objects or distance learning, believing that the terms can
be used synonymously (Dringus and Cohen, 2005, Khan, 2001, Triacca et al.,
2004 and Wagner, 2001). Clearly, there is some uncertainty as to what exactly the
characteristics of the term are, but all forms of e-Learning, whether they be applications,
programs, objects, or websites, can eventually provide learning opportunities for
individuals.

Online Learning

Online learning can be the most difficult term of all to define. Some prefer to distin-
guish it from other methods by describing online learning as “wholly” online learning
(Oblinger & Oblinger, 2005), whereas others simply reference the technology medium
or context with which it is used (Lowenthal, Wilson, & Parrish, 2009). Others highlight
the direct relationship between previously described modes and online learning by stat-
ing that they use the same technology (Rekkedal et al., 2003 and Volery and Lord,
2000). Online learning is described by most authors as access to learning experiences
via the use of some sort of technology (Benson, 2002, Carliner, 2004 and Conrad,
2002). Both Benson, 2002 and Conrad, 2002 identify online learning as a more recent
version of distance learning which improves access to educational opportunities for
learners described as both nontraditional and disenfranchised. Other authors discuss
not only the accessibility of online learning but also its connectivity, flexibility and
ability to promote varied interactions (Ally, 2004, Hiltz and Turoff, 2005 and Oblinger
and Oblinger, 2005). Hiltz and Turoff (2005) in particular not only allude to online
learnings, relationship with distance learning and traditional delivery systems but then,
like Benson (2002) makes a clear statement that online learning is a new and improved
version of distance learning. These authors, like many, believe that there is a relation-
ship between distance education or learning and online learning but appear unsure as
to its exact nature.

Source: R etrieved November 3, 2015, from https://scholar.vt.edu/access/content group/5deb92b5-10f3-49db-
adeb-7294847f1ebc/e-Learning%20 Scott%20 Midkiff.pdf.